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AnimaPulse

Rabbit vaccination

Many owners do not know a rabbit can be vaccinated at all. Two serious diseases, and a vaccination rhythm that depends on the country — starting with the United Kingdom.

United Kingdom protocolIndicativePublished on Updated on

These schedules are indicative. Your vet always has the final say, and the vaccines available depend on the country.

Which vaccinations does a rabbit need in the United Kingdom?

VaccinePrimary courseFirst boosterThen
Myxomatosis-RHDone yearly jab covering myxomatosis, RHD1 and RHD25 weeks1 year after the primary courseevery year

In AnimaPulse's UK scheme the rabbit vaccination is "one yearly jab covering myxomatosis, RHD1 and RHD2". PDSA says pet rabbits in the UK should be vaccinated against myxomatosis and the two strains of rabbit viral haemorrhagic disease, RVHD-1 and RVHD-2. It says two vaccines are now available in the UK: one that protects against all three diseases, and another that protects against the RVHD-2 strain detected in Europe. PDSA's vets recommend vaccinating all pet rabbits, including house rabbits.

Which vaccinations does a rabbit need in Ireland?

VaccinePrimary courseFirst boosterThen
Myxomatosis-RHDmyxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHDV1 and RHDV2) — both circulate in Ireland, yearly booster5 weeks1 year after the primary courseevery year

The Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM) lists the status of both myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease in Ireland as "present". AnimaPulse's Irish scheme says: "myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHDV1 and RHDV2) — both circulate in Ireland, yearly booster".

Which vaccinations does a rabbit need in the United States?

VaccinePrimary courseFirst boosterThen
RHDV2deadly rabbit hemorrhagic disease — two doses three weeks apart, then a yearly booster7 weeks, 10 weeks1 year after the primary courseevery year

The US Department of Agriculture's APHIS says its Center for Veterinary Biologics has issued a conditional license for a domestically produced RHDV2 vaccine, and tells owners to ask their veterinarian or state animal health officials about availability in their state. CVB Notice 23-15, dated January 2024, says the license went to Medgene Labs for a killed baculovirus-vector vaccine against serotype 2 of the virus, on the basis that the product has a reasonable expectation of efficacy, and that a conditional license expires one year after it is issued. In the MSD Veterinary Manual, myxomatosis cases in the USA are described as mostly confined to coastal California and Oregon, and the myxomatosis vaccine as not available in the USA.

Which vaccinations does a rabbit need in Australia?

VaccinePrimary courseFirst boosterThen
Calicivirusrabbit haemorrhagic disease (calicivirus), fatal — yearly booster. No myxomatosis vaccine exists in Australia10 weeks1 year after the primary courseevery year

AnimaPulse's Australian scheme says: "rabbit haemorrhagic disease (calicivirus), fatal — yearly booster. No myxomatosis vaccine exists in Australia". RSPCA Australia explains why: there are two vaccinations against myxomatosis, but vaccination is not permitted in Australia. The Australian Government maintains that, because these vaccines contain weakened live virus, the virus could spread from domestic rabbits to the pest rabbit population and possibly immunise it. RSPCA's advice for myxomatosis is therefore to limit exposure: mosquito netting around the hutch, even indoors; avoiding letting rabbits out in the early morning or late afternoon, when mosquitoes are more numerous; and asking a vet about flea prevention.

For the other disease, RSPCA Australia says RHDV1 has been used as a biological control agent against feral rabbits since 1996, that RHDV2 was first detected in Australia in 2015, and that owners should ask their vet about a vaccine protecting against both strains. It reports that a new vaccine against both was approved in May 2022.

Which vaccinations does a rabbit need in South Africa?

VaccinePrimary courseFirst boosterThen
RHDV2rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHDV2), present since 2022 — one yearly shot; no myxomatosis in South Africa1 month1 year after the primary courseevery year

The Western Cape Department of Agriculture's FAQ on RHD (May 2023) says the disease had not been reported in South Africa before 2022 and that the RHD vaccine is now available through HIPRA, which owners can ask their private vet to source. AnimaPulse's South African scheme says: "rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHDV2), present since 2022 — one yearly shot; no myxomatosis in South Africa".

Is there a rabbit vaccination schedule for Canada?

AnimaPulse's reference scheme has no Canadian rabbit schedule. Its note says the RHDV2 vaccine only enters Canada under emergency import authorisation, so there is no routine schedule to publish.

Which vaccinations does a rabbit need in the Netherlands?

VaccinePrimary courseFirst boosterThen
Myxomatose-RHDmyxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD1 and RHD2) — yearly booster, indoor rabbits included5 weeks1 year after the primary courseevery year

Which vaccinations does a rabbit need in Belgium?

VaccinePrimary courseFirst boosterThen
Myxomatose-VHDmyxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHDV1 and RHDV2) — yearly booster5 weeks1 year after the primary courseevery year

Which vaccinations does a rabbit need in Luxembourg?

VaccinePrimary courseFirst boosterThen
Myxomatose-VHDmyxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHDV1 and RHDV2) — yearly booster5 weeks1 year after the primary courseevery year

Which vaccinations does a rabbit need in Switzerland?

VaccinePrimary courseFirst boosterThen
VHK/RHDrabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHDV1 and RHDV2) — from 10 weeks, yearly booster; no myxomatosis vaccine is authorised in Switzerland10 weeks1 year after the primary courseevery year

Which vaccinations does a rabbit need in Austria?

VaccinePrimary courseFirst boosterThen
Myxomatose-RHDmyxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) — combined vaccine from 5 weeks, yearly booster; depending on exposure5 weeks1 year after the primary courseevery year

Which vaccinations does a rabbit need in Poland?

VaccinePrimary courseFirst boosterThen
Myksomatoza-RHDmyxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHDV1 and RHDV2, in Poland since 2016) — combined vaccine from 5 weeks, yearly booster5 weeks1 year after the primary courseevery year

What are myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease?

The MSD Veterinary Manual's chapter on viral diseases of rabbits describes myxomatosis as a fatal disease of all breeds of domesticated rabbits, transmitted by mosquitoes, fleas, biting flies and direct contact. The eyelids, nose, lips and ears become swollen, giving the head a swollen appearance, and in acute outbreaks some rabbits die within 48 hours after signs appear. It says there is no effective treatment.

It describes rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) as a peracute febrile disease: rabbits show few clinical signs and die within 6 to 24 hours of fever onset, and RHDV2 causes even fewer signs than RHDV1, often just sudden death. The virus is highly contagious, by direct contact with infected rabbits or indirectly on contaminated objects, and the manual says that RHD is not a zoonosis but can be transmitted by humans indirectly via contaminated shoes and clothing.

Does an indoor rabbit need to be vaccinated?

PDSA says it recommends vaccinating both indoor and outdoor rabbits, because myxomatosis, RVHD-1 and RVHD-2 can all spread via insects such as mosquitoes and fleas, via wild rabbits, and on surfaces such as clothes and shoes. The MSD Veterinary Manual likewise says people can pass RHD on indirectly via contaminated shoes and clothing. Your vet will tell you which vaccines your own rabbit needs.

How do rabbit vaccines differ between countries?

AnimaPulse's reference schemes say:

  • United Kingdom: "one yearly jab covering myxomatosis, RHD1 and RHD2".
  • Ireland: "myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHDV1 and RHDV2) — both circulate in Ireland, yearly booster".
  • United States: "deadly rabbit hemorrhagic disease — two doses three weeks apart, then a yearly booster".
  • Australia: "rabbit haemorrhagic disease (calicivirus), fatal — yearly booster. No myxomatosis vaccine exists in Australia".
  • South Africa: "rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHDV2), present since 2022 — one yearly shot; no myxomatosis in South Africa".
  • Netherlands: "myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD1 and RHD2) — yearly booster, indoor rabbits included".
  • Belgium: "myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHDV1 and RHDV2) — yearly booster".
  • Luxembourg: "myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHDV1 and RHDV2) — yearly booster".
  • Switzerland: "rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHDV1 and RHDV2) — from 10 weeks, yearly booster; no myxomatosis vaccine is authorised in Switzerland".
  • Austria: "myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) — combined vaccine from 5 weeks, yearly booster; depending on exposure".
  • Poland: "myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHDV1 and RHDV2, in Poland since 2016) — combined vaccine from 5 weeks, yearly booster".

If you move a rabbit between countries, talk to a vet in advance.

What else helps protect a rabbit besides vaccination?

RSPCA Australia says no vaccination is fully effective at preventing infection and that further precautions should be taken: for RHD, keeping the pet rabbit indoors, rabbit-proofing the garden to stop wild rabbits getting in, and regularly disinfecting cages, hutches, bowls and other equipment. The MSD Veterinary Manual lists protecting rabbits from exposure to biting insects among the preventive measures for myxomatosis.

What about ferrets and other pets?

Ferrets have their own page: see ferret vaccination. For any other pet, your vet is the one who knows which vaccines, if any, apply.

How will I remember my rabbit's boosters?

Enter the vaccine in AnimaPulse and the app works out the next due date from the date you entered, then reminds you seven days before and again the day before. The calendar it proposes follows the country where your rabbit lives, not the language of your phone.

Frequently asked questions

Do rabbits need to be vaccinated?

In the UK, PDSA says pet rabbits should be vaccinated against myxomatosis and rabbit viral haemorrhagic disease, and recommends it for house rabbits too. What exists, and what is allowed, varies by country: see each table.

What are rabbits vaccinated against?

Against myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD), where vaccines are available. In Australia, RSPCA Australia says vaccination against myxomatosis is not permitted, so the vaccine there is against RHD only. AnimaPulse's schemes list what each country offers.

At what age can a rabbit have its first vaccination?

In AnimaPulse's UK reference scheme the first vaccination is at 5 weeks, with boosters every year. Other countries use other ages: see the primary course column of each table.

Does an indoor rabbit need vaccinating?

PDSA says yes, because the diseases can spread via insects, wild rabbits and on clothes and shoes. The MSD Veterinary Manual says RHD can be carried by people on contaminated shoes and clothing.

Is there a myxomatosis vaccine in Australia?

RSPCA Australia says there are two myxomatosis vaccinations, but vaccination against myxomatosis is not permitted in Australia: the Australian Government maintains that the weakened live virus in them could spread to pest rabbits.

Sources — United Kingdom

Sources — Ireland

Sources — United States

Sources — Australia

Sources — South Africa

Sources — Netherlands

Sources — Belgium

Sources — Luxembourg

Sources — Switzerland

Sources — Austria

Sources — Poland

Other sources cited on this page

These tables come from the same data as the app's vaccination assistant, and the sentences above that quote "AnimaPulse's scheme" repeat that data's own wording.

RHD and myxomatosis, never overdue

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Page updated on 11 November 2026.